Names:
(S)-sotolone, caramel furanone
SMILES:
C[C@H]1C(=C(C(=O)O1)O)C
Aroma Description:
sweet, caramellic, maple, sugar, burnt_sugar, coffee, brown_sugar, cotton_candy1
caramel, maple_syrup, burnt_sugar, fenugreek, curry2
sweet, milky, acidic, nutty3
| Receptor | Expression | log10 EC50 | Adj. Top | Antagonist? | Correlated Perceptual Qualities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR8D1 | 96 | -4.31 4, -2.53 5, -4.5 6, -6.4 8, -5.35 9, -4.07 3 | 7.068 4, 3.3333 5, 10 6, 10 8 | fenugreek, maple, brown_sugar, burnt_sugar | |
| OR5M3 | 92 | -3.34 9 | - | cotton_candy, brown_sugar, caramellic, burnt_sugar, maple, fenugreek | |
| OR8D4 | 96 | - | 0.1667 5 | (insufficient data) | |
| OR10G3 | 96 | - | 0 5 | ||
| OR10G7 | 80 | - | 0 5 | ||
| OR10J5 | 84 | - | 0 5 | ||
| OR1A1 | 73 | - | 0 5 | ||
| OR2A25 | 100 | - | 0 5 | ||
| OR2B11 | 100 | - | 0 5 | ||
| OR2J3 | 100 | - | 0 5 | ||
| OR2W1 | 53 | - | 0 5 | ||
| OR51E1 | 100 | - | 0 5 | ||
| OR51L1 | 88 | - | 0 5 | ||
| OR56A4 | 100 | - | 0 5 | ||
| OR5K1 | 100 | - | 0 5 | ||
| OR8D2 | 46 | - | 0 5 | ||
| OR8K3 | 92 | - | 0 5 | ||
| OR7A5 | 100 | - | 0 7 |
caramel furanone
SMILES:
C[C@H]1C(=C(C(=O)O1)O)C
Aroma Description:
sweet, caramellic, maple, sugar, burnt_sugar, coffee, brown_sugar, cotton_candycaramel, maple_syrup, burnt_sugar, fenugreek, currysweet, milky, acidic, nutty
| Receptor | Expr.% | Agonist? | Dock Score | Known agonist | Correlated Perceptual Qualities |
|---|
Dock Score is a measure of how strongly the algorithm thinks the odorant is likely to be an agonist of the receptor.
Receptors in italics are "orphans", i.e. receptors whose agonists have not been identified experimentally.
1.) The Good Scents Company
2.) Leffingwell
3.) Juan Wang, Danqing Wang, Mingquan Huang, Baoguo Sun, Fazheng Ren, Jihong Wu, Jinglin Zhang, Hehe Li, and Xiaotao Sun Decoding Molecular Mechanism Underlying Human Olfactory Receptor OR8D1 Activation by Sotolone Enantiomers Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry Article ASAP DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09142
4.) Mainland JD, Li YR, Zhou T, Liu WL, Matsunami H. Human olfactory receptor responses to odorants. Sci Data. 2015 Feb 3;2:150002. doi: 10.1038/sdata.2015.2. PMID: 25977809; PMCID: PMC4412152.
5.) Adipietro KA, Mainland JD, Matsunami H (2012) Functional Evolution of Mammalian Odorant Receptors. PLoS Genet 8(7): e1002821. doi:10.1371/ journal.pgen.1002821
6.) HAAG, Franziska, HOFFMANN, Sandra, et KRAUTWURST, Dietmar. Key Food Furanones Furaneol and Sotolone Specifically Activate Distinct Odorant Receptors. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2021, vol. 69, no 37, p. 10999-11005.
7.) Hartmann C, Triller A, Spehr M, Dittrich R, Hatt H, Buettner A. Sperm-Activating Odorous Substances in Human Follicular Fluid and Vaginal Secretion: Identification by Gas Chromatography–Olfactometry and Ca2 Imaging. Chempluschem 78: 695–702, 2013. doi:10.1002/cplu.201300008
8.) Aya NAMBA, Naoko Saito, Michiaki Inoue, Tsuyoshi TOYABE (2016) Inhibitor of odor caused by sotolone US9254248B2
9.) Roger Emter, Christel Merillat, Fiona Buchli, Felix Flachsmann, Andreas Natsch. Decoding human olfaction by high heterologous expression of odorant receptors detecting signature odorants. Current Biology, October 10, 2025